Artificial intelligence (AI), and specifically ChatGPT, is making an increasing impact in education. From a analysis of several recent studies show that this technology can improve academic performance, boost motivation, and contribute to higher-order thinking skills such as critical thinking. Yet there are nuances and pitfalls that education professionals should not ignore.
Critical thinking in the spotlight
One of the most valuable findings from the study is that ChatGPT is good at helping students with critical analysis. By answering complex questions and providing alternative perspectives, the tool forces users to make connections, think reflectively and defend their positions. This is applicable in language teaching, but also applicable in other fields of work such as social sciences and healthcare.
A practical example: students in a literature class can use ChatGPT to generate different interpretations of a text. They then analyse these interpretations to arrive at their own understanding. This not only enhances their analytical skills, but also teaches them how to collaborate with AI tools without losing their own thinking skills.
The Pitfall of over-reliance
While ChatGPT has a lot to offer, there is a lurking risk: over-reliance. The ease with which the tool generates answers and suggestions can make students less inclined to think for themselves. This becomes particularly evident when ChatGPT is used during assessments. The study shows that some improvements in academic performance are due to the quality of ChatGPT output rather than actual learning gains.
To counter this risk, it is important that teachers set clear frameworks. For example, using ChatGPT exclusively as a tool for brainstorming or as a starting point for research. In addition, project-based assessments, which require students to present original and creative solutions, can counterbalance dependence on AI.
Conclusion
ChatGPT offers a unique opportunity to strengthen critical thinking in education, provided it is used consciously and with clear guidelines. Educators play a crucial role in guiding students to see AI as a partner rather than a substitute. By paying attention to both the strengths and limitations of AI, education can not only be designed more effectively but also ethically.
